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 Gravitomagnetism, in its unrational form, is comprised of all terms related to mass currents in analogy to electromagnetism and corresponds with Newton's three laws in the Newtonian limit. Inertial mass and gravitational mass are treated as identical.
The unrational form uses mass currents instead of gravitational charge currents in the interest of continuity and is consistent with the scalar potential term of Newton's law of gravitation.
In the future a unit of charge may be defined to be proportional to a unit of mass, but for now the unit of charge used here is just a unit of mass, typically a kilogram. A magnetic constant ? is defined by experiment.
The Newtonian limit corresponds to Newton's laws of inertia. The speed of propagation is constrained to match observational data in the Newtonian limit.
Measurements are preferred over assumptions regardless of confidence levels. Induction and radiation fields use the same value for ? and it is determined experimentally...
Bold letters denote vector functions. Gravitational charge is taken to be equal to gravitational mass for this introduction, though strictly speaking they are only proportional to each other. No difference is specified between inertial mass and gravitational mass. Renormalization may be in order later, but for now the charge to mass is set to 1.
F = m( -grad? -dA/dt + v x B )
These functions reduce to Newton's laws in the Newtonian limits, defined to be regions in parameter space that make no difference which form of analysis is used and use mass units as charge units. An analog is the classical limit of quantum mechanics, very large quantum numbers.
For example, flux density B reduces to the natural frequency ? in the Newtonian limit. Likewise, the vector potential A reduces to velocity v.
Consider the Lorentz type equation in the Newtonian limit.
F = m( -grad? -dv/dt + v x ? )
This is not to say that you would ever want or even need to design a turbopump with these methods, but it allows one to design things that Newtonian mechanics cannot describe. These methods are used for extending one's design range.
Mach's principle helps illuminate matters. Quantum mechanics provides more data for consistency tests. Newton's laws are seen in a new light, not as limits, but as the observational data for the magnetic form of gravity or gravitomagnetism. The upshot of this view is that kinetic energy is gravitomagnetic in origin.
The focus of this site is to understand these methods in relation to emerging technologies, in particular screening and modification of the universal gravitomagnetic field. Much is to be gained when gravity/inertia is as easy to control as electromagnetism.
Close-up of the most interesting part of the picture. The original large tiff image has been tilted 7.5 degrees and enlarged 500% and converted to a jpg. Notice any green on the apparent west side of these hills? Whether those areas are tree covered slopes or not may not be clear. Fog collects in low lying areas in the morning and the air is easily saturated. While the air is about 0.6% as dense as it is here, it is 95% carbon dioxide with 3% nitrogen and a percent or so of argon. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are what plants need. Argon is a noble gas and will not react with much. Daily temperatures hit 80 to 100 F.
While Mars gets about 43% of the sunlight that Earth gets at the edge of the atmosphere, there is much less atmosphere to absorb the incident light and a larger percentage gets to the surface. Devon Island has a similar amount of sun as the equatorial regions of Mars. Here with figures of 1300 and <1000 W/m^2 depending on latitude, compared to about 550 W/m^2 on Mars in the equatorial region, it doesn't look as dead as it once did... There was a Russian report of chlorophyll a year or two ago. Some have speculated on the possibility of growing tomatoes on mars... This is an interesting site to visit even if you don't like tomatoes.Though it may be more interesting to study plants that didn't require a lot of sun, such as arugula.
Based on the information available, it could be said that those green hills might be covered in desert vegetation. This green may be olivine or an artifact of the photography, but time will tell. Perhaps we should switch from telling jokes about little green men to looking for trees or cactus or something similar, maybe the martian version of desert plants. It would be interesting to find the martian version of a barrel cactus or a juniper tree growing down there, but it may be something uniquely martian evolved to suit the present conditions on the surface. Or maybe it's just some damn old rocks...
If you've ever looked out the window of a lot of airliners prior to landing at places like Tuscon, Phoenix, Albuquerque, or even San Jose you will probably have seen something very similar.
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